I’ve had situation when I urgently need access to my desktop. And I had only one program for remote control – teamviewer.
So here described one of the ways to run it when you have only ssh (i.e. command line):

•  first of all connect to remote machine via ssh.
• check if daemon is running fine:
  teamviewer --daemon status
• determine Partner ID (remote machine id):
  teamviewer --info | grep "TeamViewer ID"
• start it via one of the these methods. In my case worked only one:
  export DISPLAY=":0.0"
teamviewer
• obtain password. Here is two possible ways… in command line: teamviewer --passwd [PASSWD]
  this one din’t work for me 🙁 so lets  take screen-shot of  teamviewer window (with password) and via scp download it. for this:
  xwd -name TeamViewer | xwdtopnm | pnmtopng > passwd.png